Skills by role at tech companies · 90 days to Oct 16, 2026

Updated Oct 16, 2026

The skills postings ask for most, for each of 17 roles. Pick a role, or read them all below.

Software engineer

2,484 roles at 1,449 employers. Counts are out of the 2,466 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Python	799 of 2,466 (32%)
TypeScript	600 of 2,466 (24%)
React	566 of 2,466 (23%)
AWS	533 of 2,466 (22%)
REST	507 of 2,466 (21%)
CI/CD	499 of 2,466 (20%)
Distributed Systems	491 of 2,466 (20%)
JavaScript	466 of 2,466 (19%)
Java	461 of 2,466 (19%)
Git	420 of 2,466 (17%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
AWS	290 of 2,466 (12%)
CI/CD	276 of 2,466 (11%)
Kubernetes	250 of 2,466 (10%)
Docker	241 of 2,466 (10%)
React	192 of 2,466 (8%)
AI	185 of 2,466 (8%)
Python	181 of 2,466 (7%)
Observability	146 of 2,466 (6%)
TypeScript	146 of 2,466 (6%)
GCP	142 of 2,466 (6%)

What software engineer roles require

Data scientist

416 roles at 300 employers. Counts are out of the 416 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Python	344 of 416 (83%)
SQL	287 of 416 (69%)
Statistics	227 of 416 (55%)
Machine Learning	223 of 416 (54%)
Experimentation	136 of 416 (33%)
R	93 of 416 (22%)
AI	84 of 416 (20%)
Statistical Modeling	81 of 416 (19%)
Causal Inference	77 of 416 (19%)
LLMs	67 of 416 (16%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
Machine Learning	41 of 416 (10%)
LLMs	38 of 416 (9%)
AI	32 of 416 (8%)
AWS	32 of 416 (8%)
Experimentation	32 of 416 (8%)
Statistics	28 of 416 (7%)
Causal Inference	25 of 416 (6%)
Data Pipelines	24 of 416 (6%)
Data Visualization	24 of 416 (6%)
dbt	23 of 416 (6%)

What data scientist roles require

Security engineer

392 roles at 285 employers. Counts are out of the 391 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Python	207 of 391 (53%)
Cybersecurity	151 of 391 (39%)
AWS	148 of 391 (38%)
Go	117 of 391 (30%)
Identity and Access Management	112 of 391 (29%)
Cloud Security	104 of 391 (27%)
GCP	96 of 391 (25%)
Application Security	95 of 391 (24%)
Incident Response	95 of 391 (24%)
Threat Modeling	86 of 391 (22%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
CI/CD	40 of 391 (10%)
SOC 2	40 of 391 (10%)
ISO 27001	39 of 391 (10%)
AI	38 of 391 (10%)
Incident Response	36 of 391 (9%)
AWS	35 of 391 (9%)
Python	32 of 391 (8%)
Terraform	30 of 391 (8%)
GCP	29 of 391 (7%)
Kubernetes	29 of 391 (7%)

What security engineer roles require

Data engineer

364 roles at 322 employers. Counts are out of the 364 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
SQL	280 of 364 (77%)
Python	276 of 364 (76%)
Data Modeling	179 of 364 (49%)
ETL	129 of 364 (35%)
Data Warehousing	126 of 364 (35%)
Data Pipelines	120 of 364 (33%)
CI/CD	113 of 364 (31%)
AWS	112 of 364 (31%)
Airflow	106 of 364 (29%)
Snowflake	104 of 364 (29%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
AI	42 of 364 (12%)
Data Quality	42 of 364 (12%)
Machine Learning	39 of 364 (11%)
Kafka	38 of 364 (10%)
Airflow	36 of 364 (10%)
Data Governance	34 of 364 (9%)
dbt	34 of 364 (9%)
Data Pipelines	32 of 364 (9%)
Stream Processing	29 of 364 (8%)
AWS	28 of 364 (8%)

What data engineer roles require

Machine learning engineer

323 roles at 224 employers. Counts are out of the 323 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Python	245 of 323 (76%)
Machine Learning	222 of 323 (69%)
PyTorch	156 of 323 (48%)
TensorFlow	87 of 323 (27%)
Deep Learning	76 of 323 (24%)
LLMs	70 of 323 (22%)
AI	61 of 323 (19%)
AWS	56 of 323 (17%)
Statistics	48 of 323 (15%)
CI/CD	47 of 323 (15%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
LLMs	35 of 323 (11%)
AWS	29 of 323 (9%)
AI Agents	26 of 323 (8%)
MLOps	22 of 323 (7%)
PyTorch	22 of 323 (7%)
Open Source	21 of 323 (7%)
Kubernetes	20 of 323 (6%)
C++	19 of 323 (6%)
Fine-Tuning	18 of 323 (6%)
GCP	18 of 323 (6%)

What machine learning engineer roles require

AI engineer

220 roles at 183 employers. Counts are out of the 218 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Python	152 of 218 (70%)
AI	118 of 218 (54%)
LLMs	118 of 218 (54%)
AI Agents	93 of 218 (43%)
Machine Learning	63 of 218 (29%)
RAG	58 of 218 (27%)
AWS	54 of 218 (25%)
Prompt Engineering	53 of 218 (24%)
CI/CD	47 of 218 (22%)
Generative AI	46 of 218 (21%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
AI Agents	32 of 218 (15%)
AI	24 of 218 (11%)
Docker	24 of 218 (11%)
Open Source	23 of 218 (11%)
Kubernetes	22 of 218 (10%)
RAG	22 of 218 (10%)
AWS	21 of 218 (10%)
Model Evaluation	21 of 218 (10%)
LLMs	20 of 218 (9%)
LangChain	19 of 218 (9%)

What AI engineer roles require

Site reliability engineer

219 roles at 159 employers. Counts are out of the 219 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Python	136 of 219 (62%)
Kubernetes	120 of 219 (55%)
Observability	103 of 219 (47%)
Go	99 of 219 (45%)
AWS	97 of 219 (44%)
Incident Response	93 of 219 (42%)
Terraform	91 of 219 (42%)
Infrastructure as Code	88 of 219 (40%)
CI/CD	85 of 219 (39%)
Networking	79 of 219 (36%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
Kubernetes	24 of 219 (11%)
Observability	22 of 219 (10%)
Prometheus	22 of 219 (10%)
Terraform	21 of 219 (10%)
Datadog	19 of 219 (9%)
CI/CD	18 of 219 (8%)
Incident Response	18 of 219 (8%)
Grafana	16 of 219 (7%)
Python	16 of 219 (7%)
AWS	15 of 219 (7%)

What site reliability engineer roles require

Data analyst

217 roles at 186 employers. Counts are out of the 215 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
SQL	157 of 215 (73%)
Data Visualization	89 of 215 (41%)
Tableau	74 of 215 (34%)
Statistics	65 of 215 (30%)
Python	62 of 215 (29%)
Power BI	58 of 215 (27%)
Excel	50 of 215 (23%)
Business Intelligence	49 of 215 (23%)
Data Modeling	39 of 215 (18%)
Looker	36 of 215 (17%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
Python	45 of 215 (21%)
dbt	26 of 215 (12%)
Machine Learning	23 of 215 (11%)
AI	20 of 215 (9%)
Data Visualization	18 of 215 (8%)
Power BI	18 of 215 (8%)
Tableau	18 of 215 (8%)
R	17 of 215 (8%)
Snowflake	17 of 215 (8%)
ETL	16 of 215 (7%)

What data analyst roles require

Platform engineer

213 roles at 179 employers. Counts are out of the 213 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Terraform	115 of 213 (54%)
AWS	114 of 213 (54%)
Python	112 of 213 (53%)
Infrastructure as Code	111 of 213 (52%)
Kubernetes	109 of 213 (51%)
CI/CD	94 of 213 (44%)
Docker	65 of 213 (31%)
GCP	64 of 213 (30%)
Go	64 of 213 (30%)
Azure	63 of 213 (30%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
Observability	26 of 213 (12%)
Kubernetes	21 of 213 (10%)
Monitoring	19 of 213 (9%)
Cybersecurity	17 of 213 (8%)
Azure	16 of 213 (8%)
CI/CD	16 of 213 (8%)
Prometheus	16 of 213 (8%)
Datadog	15 of 213 (7%)
Terraform	15 of 213 (7%)
Docker	14 of 213 (7%)

What platform engineer roles require

QA engineer

195 roles at 158 employers. Counts are out of the 195 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Python	75 of 195 (38%)
CI/CD	71 of 195 (36%)
Test Automation	68 of 195 (35%)
API Testing	46 of 195 (24%)
Agile	39 of 195 (20%)
Java	38 of 195 (19%)
Git	37 of 195 (19%)
SQL	37 of 195 (19%)
JavaScript	34 of 195 (17%)
TypeScript	34 of 195 (17%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
CI/CD	28 of 195 (14%)
Test Automation	24 of 195 (12%)
AI	16 of 195 (8%)
Agile	15 of 195 (8%)
Python	15 of 195 (8%)
Jira	14 of 195 (7%)
AWS	12 of 195 (6%)
Git	12 of 195 (6%)
Integration Testing	12 of 195 (6%)
Observability	12 of 195 (6%)

What QA engineer roles require

Forward deployed engineer

170 roles at 130 employers. Counts are out of the 170 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Python	103 of 170 (61%)
AI	68 of 170 (40%)
LLMs	49 of 170 (29%)
AWS	40 of 170 (24%)
TypeScript	39 of 170 (23%)
AI Agents	36 of 170 (21%)
Azure	30 of 170 (18%)
GCP	30 of 170 (18%)
Go	28 of 170 (16%)
JavaScript	26 of 170 (15%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
AI Agents	25 of 170 (15%)
AI	18 of 170 (11%)
Kubernetes	18 of 170 (11%)
LLMs	17 of 170 (10%)
RAG	16 of 170 (9%)
Observability	14 of 170 (8%)
AWS	13 of 170 (8%)
Docker	13 of 170 (8%)
Open Source	13 of 170 (8%)
CI/CD	12 of 170 (7%)

What forward deployed engineer roles require

DevOps engineer

168 roles at 156 employers. Counts are out of the 168 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
CI/CD	118 of 168 (70%)
Python	103 of 168 (61%)
Terraform	96 of 168 (57%)
Kubernetes	95 of 168 (57%)
AWS	89 of 168 (53%)
Docker	84 of 168 (50%)
Shell Scripting	84 of 168 (50%)
Infrastructure as Code	80 of 168 (48%)
Scripting	61 of 168 (36%)
Jenkins	55 of 168 (33%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
Monitoring	18 of 168 (11%)
Terraform	18 of 168 (11%)
Cybersecurity	17 of 168 (10%)
Infrastructure as Code	17 of 168 (10%)
AWS	14 of 168 (8%)
Ansible	14 of 168 (8%)
Observability	14 of 168 (8%)
Agile	13 of 168 (8%)
CI/CD	13 of 168 (8%)
Kubernetes	13 of 168 (8%)

What DevOps engineer roles require

Mobile engineer

125 roles at 96 employers. Counts are out of the 124 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Android	70 of 124 (56%)
iOS	67 of 124 (54%)
Kotlin	58 of 124 (47%)
Swift	57 of 124 (46%)
REST	43 of 124 (35%)
Git	38 of 124 (31%)
CI/CD	33 of 124 (27%)
Java	28 of 124 (23%)
SwiftUI	24 of 124 (19%)
MVVM	23 of 124 (19%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
CI/CD	13 of 124 (10%)
Debugging	10 of 124 (8%)
Accessibility	9 of 124 (7%)
AWS	8 of 124 (6%)
Open Source	7 of 124 (6%)
Performance Optimization	7 of 124 (6%)
SwiftUI	7 of 124 (6%)
Test Automation	7 of 124 (6%)
Unit Testing	7 of 124 (6%)
iOS	7 of 124 (6%)

What mobile engineer roles require

Research scientist

122 roles at 85 employers. Counts are out of the 122 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Machine Learning	73 of 122 (60%)
Python	61 of 122 (50%)
PyTorch	43 of 122 (35%)
AI	27 of 122 (22%)
LLMs	26 of 122 (21%)
Reinforcement Learning	24 of 122 (20%)
Experimentation	22 of 122 (18%)
Deep Learning	21 of 122 (17%)
Statistics	19 of 122 (16%)
Computer Vision	17 of 122 (14%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
Machine Learning	14 of 122 (11%)
Open Source	13 of 122 (11%)
Reinforcement Learning	10 of 122 (8%)
Generative AI	9 of 122 (7%)
Model Evaluation	9 of 122 (7%)
AI	8 of 122 (7%)
C++	8 of 122 (7%)
GPU Computing	6 of 122 (5%)
PyTorch	6 of 122 (5%)
Data Pipelines	5 of 122 (4%)

What research scientist roles require

Analytics engineer

106 roles at 96 employers. Counts are out of the 105 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
SQL	91 of 105 (87%)
Data Modeling	59 of 105 (56%)
dbt	52 of 105 (50%)
Python	50 of 105 (48%)
Snowflake	33 of 105 (31%)
Data Visualization	32 of 105 (30%)
Business Intelligence	31 of 105 (30%)
Data Warehousing	29 of 105 (28%)
Tableau	25 of 105 (24%)
ETL	22 of 105 (21%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
Python	15 of 105 (14%)
Tableau	14 of 105 (13%)
AI	12 of 105 (11%)
Data Governance	10 of 105 (10%)
LLMs	10 of 105 (10%)
Looker	9 of 105 (9%)
BigQuery	8 of 105 (8%)
Data Warehousing	8 of 105 (8%)
dbt	8 of 105 (8%)
Airflow	7 of 105 (7%)

What analytics engineer roles require

Software architect

87 roles at 77 employers. Counts are out of the 87 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
AWS	33 of 87 (38%)
Cybersecurity	25 of 87 (29%)
Identity and Access Management	22 of 87 (25%)
CI/CD	20 of 87 (23%)
Distributed Systems	20 of 87 (23%)
AI	19 of 87 (22%)
Azure	19 of 87 (22%)
Infrastructure as Code	19 of 87 (22%)
Python	19 of 87 (22%)
GCP	16 of 87 (18%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
AWS	11 of 87 (13%)
Azure	10 of 87 (11%)
Kubernetes	9 of 87 (10%)
Cybersecurity	6 of 87 (7%)
GCP	6 of 87 (7%)
CI/CD	5 of 87 (6%)
LLMs	5 of 87 (6%)
AI	4 of 87 (5%)
Cost Optimization	4 of 87 (5%)
Databricks	4 of 87 (5%)

What software architect roles require

Data architect

50 roles at 50 employers. Counts are out of the 50 roles whose requirements we could read; the 10 asked for most in each list.

Required
Skill	Roles asking
Data Modeling	30 of 50 (60%)
SQL	24 of 50 (48%)
Data Warehousing	19 of 50 (38%)
Azure	18 of 50 (36%)
Python	18 of 50 (36%)
Data Governance	17 of 50 (34%)
Databricks	16 of 50 (32%)
Spark	16 of 50 (32%)
Data Quality	15 of 50 (30%)
ETL	15 of 50 (30%)

Preferred
Skill	Roles asking
CI/CD	5 of 50 (10%)
AWS	4 of 50 (8%)
Stream Processing	4 of 50 (8%)
AI	3 of 50 (6%)
Business Intelligence	3 of 50 (6%)
Data Catalogs	3 of 50 (6%)
Data Governance	3 of 50 (6%)
Data Infrastructure	3 of 50 (6%)
Data Quality	3 of 50 (6%)
Git	3 of 50 (6%)

What data architect roles require

Have a posting in mind?

Paste it into the job fit check with your resume. It checks each requirement and tells you straight if it is worth applying. No account needed.

Or review your resume line by line

Check your fit

More free tools

How we count: each role’s skills come from its postings at tech companies in the 90 days to Oct 16, 2026, counted out of the roles whose requirements we could read. At most 10 per list, those asked for most; labels such as “Programming” are left out. Methodology